Manning Marable is Professor of History and Director of the Center for Afro-American Studies, Columbia University. He is author of a number of books, the most recent of which isBeyond Black and White.The history of the black struggle for civil rights and political and economic equality in America is tied to the strategies, agendas, and styles of black leaders. Marable examines different models of black leadership and the figures who embody them: integration (Booker T. Washington, Harold Washington), nationalist separatism (Louis Farrakhan), and democratic transformation (W.E.B. Du Bois).