PREFACE
1 BEYOND THE COLD WAR
FROM WORLD ORDER TO DISORDER
POST-COLONIALISM AND BEYOND
THE RESURGENCE OF RELIGION
POVERTY, EXPECTATIONS AND STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT
DIFFUSION OF SMALL ARMS AND PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS
THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS AND THE COST OF WAR
A STEP INTO THE PAST: THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE PREVENTION OF WAR
BOUTROS BOUTROS- GHALI’S ‘ AGENDA FOR PEACE’
THE U N’S RENEWED ATTEMPTS
“WE THE PEOPLE...”
2 CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL CONFLICTS
WHEN DOES A CONFLICT TURN INTO A WAR?
FROM SOCIAL GRIEVANCES TO ARMED CONFLICT
ASYMMETRICAL POWER RELATIONS; A TYPOLOGY OF CONFLICT
THE CHANGING NATURE OF CONTEMPORARY WARFARE
THE INTRACTABLE NATURE OF INTERNAL CONFLICTS
3 FROM EARLY WARNING TO EARLY ACTION
THE CONTINUUM OF CONFLICT (3)
FROM CIVIL PEACE TO CIVIL WAR
SOUNDING THE ALARM - DEVISING A SYSTEM FOR EARLY WARNING
INFORMATION GATHERING INFORMATION ANALYSIS
RESPONDING APPROPRIATELY
FAILURES - LESSONS LEARNT FROM EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS (20)
GENERATING EARLY ACTION TAKING ACTION A RANGE OF OPTIONS
4 THE DIPLOMACY CONTINUUM
TRADITIONAL DIPLOMACY THROUGH THE AGES
COLLECTIVE SECURITY - GENERAL ASSEMBLIES AND PRINCELY LEAGUES
THE BIRTH OF MODERN ‘OPEN’ DIPLOMACY
THE UNITED NATIONS
LIMITATIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
PITCHED INTO A NEW ERA - THE U N’S RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
THE ICRC AND INTERNAL CONFLICT
WHAT ALTERNATIVES EXIST? NON-STATE PEACEMAKERS
BURDEN SHARING
MAPPING A CONFLICT - THIRD PARTY INTERVENTION
COMPLEMENTARY INITIATIVES THROUGH CONFLICT PHASES
EVALUATIONS AND EFFECTIVENESS
5 TRANSFORMING CONFLICT - BUILDING PEACE
TRANSFORMING VIOLENT CONFLICT
FORMS OF VIOLENCE
WHEN THE CAMERAS STOP AND THE RED CARPET IS ROLLED UP
LESSENING THE RISKS OF DIRECT VIOLENCl