The methods presented in this volume will enable the reader to design effective strategies for the expression of cloned genes and cDNAs and will prove useful in solving the majority of expression problems one is likely to encounter.Introduction: D.V. Goeddel, Systems for Heterologous Gene Expression. Expression in Escherichia coli: L. Gold, Expression of Heterologous Proteins in Escherichia coli. Vectors: P. Balbas and F. Bolivar, Design and Construction of Expression Plasmid Vectors in Escherichia coli. Promoters: J.D. Gralla, Promoter Recognition and mRNA Initiation by Escherichia coli Eo-70. D.G. Yansura and D.J. Henner, Use of Escherichia coli trp Promoter for Direct Expression of Proteins. F.W. Studier, A.H. Rosenberg, J.J. Dunn, and J.W. Dubendorff, Use of T7 RNA Polymerase to Direct Expression of Cloned Genes. Translation: L. Gold and G.D. Stormo, High-Level Translation Initiation. B.E. Schoner, R.M. Belagaje, and R.G. Schoner, Enhanced Translational Efficiency with Two-Cistron Expression System. H.A. de Boer and A.S. Hui, Sequences within Ribosome Binding Site Affecting Messenger RNA Translatability and Method to Direct Ribosomes to Single Messenger RNA Species. P.O. Olins and S.H. Rangwala, Vector for Enhanced Translation of Foreign Genes in Escherichia coli. Proteases: S. Gottesman, Minimizing Proteolysis in Escherichia coli: Genetic Solutions.&lĂ&