This monograph aims to throw light on the construction and enaction of gender in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Aegean, through analysis of a sample of 1660 previously published anthropomorphic figurines. Analysis of poses and postures, decoration and symbolism shows differentiation on gender lines, with hardening of social roles and status in the Early Bronze Age.This monograph aims to throw light on the construction and enaction of gender in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Aegean, through analysis of a sample of 1660 previously published anthropomorphic figurines.