Accrediting boards, the federal government, and state legislatures are now requiring a greater level of accountability from higher education. However, current accountability practices, including accreditation, No Child Left Behind, and performance reporting are inadequate to the task. If wielded indiscriminately, accountability can actually do more harm than good. This innovative work looks broadly at how accountability is being considered by campuses, accrediting boards, higher education organizations, and governments in the US and abroad. It explores how new demands for accountability and new technologies are changing the way student learning is assessed.The author, one of the most respected assessment researchers in the nation, provides a framework for assessing student learning and discusses historical and contemporary debates in the field. He details new directions in assessment, such as the Collegiate Learning Assessment he helped develop, analyzes exemplary campus assessment programs, and proposes considerations necessary for designing successful accountability systems.Richard J. Shavelson is the Margaret Jacks Professor of Education, Professor of Psychology, and former Dean of the School of Education at Stanford University. He is the coauthor ofScientific Research in Education(2002), with Lisa Towne andGeneralizability Theory: A Primer(1991), with Noreen Webb, among other books, articles, and policy reports. Shavelson provides an interesting overview of the increasing pressure placed on US higher education to provide information on quality, comparability and accountability. This timely book provides practical insights into the emergence of assessment and student learning as well as the accountability of institutions of higher education. As Shavelson reveals, assessment of learning and teaching effectiveness is not always aligned with the external purposes and goals of stakeholders. No other work is willing to take on the important issue of thló