In the nineteenth century, Russian composers and critics were encouraged to cultivate a national style to distinguish their music from the dominant Italian, French, and German traditions. Not Russian Enough? explores this aspiration for a nationalist musical tradition as it was carried out in the cosmopolitan world of opera. Rutger Helmers analyzes the cultural context, music, and reception of four important operas: Glinka's A Life for the Tsar (1836), Serov's Judith (1863), Tchaikovsky's The Maid of Orl?ans (1881), and Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tsar's Bride (1899). He discusses such issues as the influence of Italian and French opera, the use of foreign subjects, the application of local color, and the adherence to the classics, and considers how these related to a sense of Russianness. Besides yielding new insights for each of these works, this study offers a fresh perspective on the function of nationalist thought in the nineteenth-century Russian opera world.. Rutger Helmers is Assistant Professor in Historical Musicology at the University of Amsterdam and lectures in literary and cultural studies at Radboud University Nijmegen.Offers fresh perspectives on the function of nationalist thought in the cosmopolitan opera world, with particular emphasis on the idea of Russianness in four nineteenth-century operas by Glinka, Serov, Tchaikovsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov.Introduction: The Part and the WholeA Life for the Tsar and Bel Canto OperaSubject Matter, Local Color, and National Style in JudithFrench Theatricality and Inadvertent Russianisms in The Maid of OrleansThe Tsar's Bride and the Dilemma of HistoryConclusionAbbreviationsNotesBibliographyIndex