Recent Advances in Hydraulic Physical Modelling [Hardcover]

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Lisbon, Portugal, July 4-15, 19881 Fundamentals of Hydraulic Physical Modelling.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Principles of the Theory of Dimensions.- 2.1. Dimensional and dimensionless quantities.- 2.2. Characteristic parameters.- 2.3. Dimensionless expression of a natural law.- 3. Principles of the Theory of Similarity.- 3.1. The idea of a model.- 3.2. Definition of dynamic similarity.- 3.3. Dynamically similar models and their scales.- 4. Hydraulic Models.- 4.1. General, conventional models (operating with water).- 4.2. Distortion.- 4.3. Froudian models.- 5. Further Approaches to Hydraulic Model Design.- 5.1. General.- 5.2. Examples.- 5.2.1. Inception of sediment transport.- 5.2.2. OTEC  Power plants (Ref. [9]).- 5.2.3. River flow with bed covered by sand waves.- 2 River Models.- 1. Non Maritime Models with Fixed Bed.- 1.1. Similarity for rivers and open channels.- 1.1.1. Undistorted models.- 1.1.2. Distorted models.- 1.2. Models of hydraulic structures.- 1.2.1. Similarity.- 1.2.2. Examples of hydraulic structures.- 1.2.2.1. Low-head hydraulic structures.- 1.2.2.2. Flood-discharge structures (weirs and spillways).- 1.2.2.3. Internal flow systems.- 1.2.3. Problems connected to air entrainment.- 1.2.3.1. Two-phase flow.- 1.2.3.2. Vortices.- 1.3. Mixing models.- 1.3.1. Turbulent entrainment at the effluent jet.- 1.3.2. Rise of the jet by buoyancy.- 1.3.3. Convective spread over the surface.- 1.3.4. Mass transport.- 1.3.5. Diffusion and dispersion.- 1.3.6. Loss of heat through surface.- 1.4. Models of flows without a free surface.- 1.5. Models of river training schemes.- 1.6. Model techniques.- 1.6.1. Construction.- 1.6.2. Control and operation.- 1.6.3. Calibration.- 1.6.4. Measurement and instrumentation.- 1.6.4.1. Flow velocities.- 1.6.4.2. Water levels.- 1.6.4.3. Water pressures.- 2. Sediment Transport in Rivers.- 2.1. Basic concepts and relevant parameters.- 2.1.1. The granular material.- 2.1.2. The flow: velocity distlS.