Understanding Paleolithic animal exploitation requires a multifaceted approach. Inferences may derive from research on paleoenvironments and taphonomy, the development of new methods for interpreting seasonality patterns, and ethnoarchaeological observations. A full understanding of Paleolithic economies also requires a multiregional perspective. This volume brings together a group of scholars with research interests from across the globe to understand the nature of animal exploitation practices through the lens of taphonomy. The chapters include case studies on the types of animals that Paleolithic peoples hunted and gathered through time and space, and taphonomic analyses of non-human animal bone assemblages. Contents. 1) Introduction: Paleolithic Zooarchaeology (Jonathan A. Haws); 2) Karstic cavities, natural bone accumulations and discrete human activities in the European palaeolithic: some case studies (Jean-Philip Brugal et al.); 3) New data from museum collections: Mousterian mammals from La Quina in the Peabody Museum of Natural History (Roger H. Colten and Andrew Hill); 4) Reevaluations of reindeer kill seasonality and implications for site function at Verberie (James G. Enloe); 5) Animal carcass utilization during the Late Upper Paleolithic occupation of Lapa do Su??o Portugal)(Jonathan A. Haws and Maria Jo??o Valente); 6) Paleolithic subsistence and the taphonomy of small mammal accumulations in the Iberian Peninsula (Bryan Hockett); 7) Mustelid hunting by recent foragers and the detection of trapping in the European Paleolithic (Trenton W. Holliday and Steven E. Churchill); 8) The early to late Natufian transition at Hayonim cave, Israel: a faunal perspective (Natalie D. Munro); 9) The role of woolly rhinoceros and woolly mammoth in Palaeolithic economies at Vogelherd cave, Germany (Laura B. Niven); 10) The large mammalian fossil fauna of the Geelbek Dunes, Western Cape, South Africa (Timothy J. Prindiville & Nicholas JlĂ(