The first edition of this book SOIL MICROBIOLOGY comprised of nine Chapters which include the following: 1. The characteristics of soil environment, 2. Characteristics of soil microbial floral and fauna, 3. Microbial activities in the soil: nitrogen cycle and mineral transformation, 4. Ecological relationship among soil pathogens, 5. Effects of pesticides on soil microorganisms, 6. Biodegradation and biofuel generations, 7. Microbiology of Mycorrhizae, 8. Plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and 9. Microbiology of Rhizosphere. This book is meant for students of B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons) and M.Sc. of Biological group such as Microbiology, Mycology, Virology, Bacteriology, Pathology, Plant Sciences, Zoology, Plant Breeding and other Biosciences.