Materials, Chemicals and Methods for Dental Applications [Hardcover]

This book focuses on the materials used for dental applications looking at the fundamental issues and the developments that have taken place the past decade. While it provides a broad overview of dental materials, the chemicals that are used for the preparation and fabrication of dental materials are explained as well. Also, the desired properties of these materials are discussed and the relevance of the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties is elucidated. Methods for the characterization and classification, as well as clinical studies are reviewed here. In particular, materials for dental crowns, implants, toothpaste compositions, mouth rinses, as well as materials for toothbrushes and dental floss are discussed. For example, in toothpaste compositions, several classes of materials an chemcials are incorporated, such as abrasives, detergents, humectants, thickeners, sweeteners, coloring agents, bad breath reduction agents, flavoring agents, tartar control agents, and others. These chemicals, together with their structures, are detailed in the text.

Preface v

1 Dental Materials 1

1.1 History 1

1.2 Properties 2

1.2.1 Acronyms for Compounds in Dental Com- pounds 2

1.2.2 Standards in Dentistry 2

1.2.3 Adhesion in Restorative Dentistry 11

1.2.4 Fracture Toughness 12

1.2.5 Biocompatibility of Dental Adhesives 12

1.2.6 Testing the Cytotoxicity 13

1.2.7 Degradation of Dental Polymers 14

1.2.8 Effect of Modulated Photoactivation on Poly- merization Shrinkage 15

1.2.9 Ceramics Versus Resin Composites 16

1.3 Materials 17

1.3.1 Provisional Restoratives 17

1.3.2 Restorative Material Kit 18

1.3.3 Polyhedral Oligomericl&