Nanomaterials Biomedical, Environmental and Engineerng Applications [Hardcover]

This timely volume on nanomaterials and their biomedical and environmental applications includes the fundamentals of nanoparticles, and state-of-the-art properties, characterization, and the synthesis methods as well as the applications. The main thrust of the book is to present review chapters that explore all these aspects of nanomaterials for scientists, engineers and students who are fairly new to the field and want to have a deeper understanding of all the recent R & D advances. The 12 chapters are written by subject matter experts and plot the influence of nanomaterials on the analytical systems (macro to micro & lab-on-a-chip) for biomedical and environmental applications.

Contents

Preface xiii

Part I: Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Characterization 1

1 Synthesis, Characterization and General Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 3
Falah H. Hussein, Firas H. Abdulrazzak, and Ayad F. Alkaim

1.1 Introduction 4

1.2 The History of Carbon Nanotubes 5

1.3 Graphene 7

1.4 Graphite 10

1.5 Fullerene 11

1.6 Rehybridization 11

1.7 Structure of CNTs 13

1.8 Classification of Carbon Nanotubes 13

1.8.1 Classification by Chirality 14

1.8.2 Classification by Conductivity 15

1.8.3 Classification by Layers 15

1.9 Crystal Structures of Carbon Nanotubes 15

1.10 Synthesis Methods 17

1.10.1 Arc-Discharge 17

1.10.2 Laser Ablation 18

1.10.3 Flame Methods 19

1.10.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition 20

1.11 The Purification Process of Carbon Nanotubes 22

1.12 Mechanism of Growth CNTs 23