An introduction and comprehensive survey of the main issues in mesosocopic physics. Topics covered include quantum Hall effects, transport through quantum wires and dots, coherence in mesoscopic systems, spintronics, disordered systems, and solid state quantum computation. Some contributions are dedicated to the connections between nanoscience and biophysics and quantum optics. Although the topics mentioned have many aspects in common, they span a wide area of physics. It is therefore especially important to provide a broad view of this rapidly expanding field. Thanks to the excellent presentations, the book will be found suitable both for young researchers who want to enter the field and stimulating for more experienced scientists.Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Erice, Sicily, Italy, from 20 July to 1 August 2002An introduction and comprehensive survey of the main issues in mesosocopic physics. Topics covered include quantum Hall effects, transport through quantum wires and dots, coherence in mesoscopic systems, spintronics, disordered systems, and solid state quantum computation. Some contributions are dedicated to the connections between nanoscience and biophysics and quantum optics. Although the topics mentioned have many aspects in common, they span a wide area of physics. It is therefore especially important to provide a broad view of this rapidly expanding field. Thanks to the excellent presentations, the book will be found suitable both for young researchers who want to enter the field and stimulating for more experienced scientists.Lectures. Field theories in physics of disordered conductors; D.E. Khmelnitskii. Non-Fermi-liquid metals in low dimensions; C. Di Castro, S. Capara. Counting statistics of mesoscopic noise; L.S. Levitov. Coulomb blockade and Kondo effect in quantum dots; L.I. Glazman, M. Pustinik. Quantum coherent transport: from mesoscopic circuits to molecular wires; H. Bouchiat, R. Deblock, M. Ferrier, S.lÓ