Phase Transformations [Hardcover]

This book is part of a set of books which offers advanced students successive characterization tool phases, the study of all types of phase (liquid, gas and solid, pure or multi-component), process engineering, chemical and electrochemical equilibria, and the properties of surfaces and phases of small sizes. Macroscopic and microscopic models are in turn covered with a constant correlation between the two scales. Particular attention has been given to the rigor of mathematical developments.

This fifth volume is devoted to the study of transformations and equilibria between phases. First- and second-order pure phase transformations are presented in detail, just as with the macroscopic and microscopic approaches of phase equilibria.

In the presentation of binary systems, the thermodynamics of azeotropy and demixing are discussed in detail and applied to strictly-regular solutions. Eutectic and peritectic points are examined, as well as the reactions that go with them. The study of ternary systems then introduces the concepts of ternary azeotropes and eutectics.  For each type of solid-liquid system, the interventions of definite compounds with or without congruent melting are taken into account. The particular properties of the different notable points of a diagram are also demonstrated.

Preface xi

Notations and Symbols xv

Chapter 1. Phase Transformations of Pure Substances 1

1.1. Standard state: standard conditions of a transformation 1

1.2. Classification and general properties of phase transformations 2

1.2.1. First-order transformations and the Clapeyron relation  4

1.2.2. Second-order transformations 7

1.3. Liquid–vapor transformations and equilibrium states 16

1.3.1. Method of two equations of state, usl“j