Quantum Networking [Hardcover]

Quantum networks build on entanglement and quantum measurement to achieve tasks that are beyond the reach of classical systems. Using quantum effects, we can detect the presence of eavesdroppers, raise the sensitivity of scientific instruments such as telescopes, or teleport quantum data from one location to another. Long-distance entanglement can be used to execute important tasks such as Byzantine agreement and leader election in fewer rounds of communication than classical systems, improving the efficiency of operations that are critical in distributed systems.

Notations xiii

Acknowledgements xv

Introduction xix

Chapter 1 Overview 1

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Quantum information 4

1.3 Quantum repeaters 10

1.4 Network architectures 15

1.5 Conclusions 20

Part 1 Fundamentals 23

Chapter 2 Quantum Background 25

2.1 Introduction 26

2.2 Schrodinger's equation 28

2.3 Qubits 29

2.4 Manipulating qubits 41

2.5 Bell pairs 47

2.6 The no-cloning theorem 53

2.7 Conclusion 54

Chapter 3 Networking Background 55

3.1 Concepts 56

3.2 Challenges in scaling up networks 63

3.3 Design patterns 65

3.4 The Internet 75

3.5 Conclusion 77

Chapter 4 Teleportation 79

4.1 The basic teleportation operation 79

4.2 Experimental demonstration of teleportation 82

4.3 State machines for teleportation 84

4.4 Teleporting gates 86

4.5 Conclusion 8lsè