The Reneal Of The Kibbutz From Reform To Transformation [Paperback]

We think of the kibbutz as a place for communal living and working. Members work, reside, and eat together, and share income “from each according to ability, to each according to need.” But in the late 1980s the kibbutzim decided that they needed to change. Reforms—moderate at first—were put in place. Members could work outside of the organization, but wages went to the collective. Apartments could be expanded, but housing remained kibbutz-owned. In 1995, change accelerated. Kibbutzim began to pay salaries based on the market value of a member’s work. As a result of such changes, the “renewed” kibbutz emerged. By 2010, 75 percent of Israel’s 248 nonreligious kibbutzim fit into this new category.

The Renewal of the Kibbutzexplores the waves of reforms since 1990. Looking through the lens of organizational theories that predict how open or closed a group will be to change, the authors find that less successful kibbutzim were most receptive to reform, and reforms then spread through imitation from the economically weaker kibbutzim to the strong.

The Renewal of the Kibbutzexplores the waves of kibbutzim reforms since 1990. Looking through the lens of organizational theories that predict how open or closed a group will be to change, the authors find that the less successful kibbutzim were the most receptive to reform, and reforms then spread through imitation from the economically weaker kibbutzim to the strong. Survey data is used to understand which reforms were the most common and which were most successful.

RAYMOND RUSSELL is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Riverside. He is the author ofSharing Ownership in the WorkplaceandUtopia in Zion: The Israeli Experience with Worker Cooperatives.

ROBERT HANNEMAN is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Riverside. He has authored four books, includingState Interventiol³-