The trends and novel applications of heat treatment are discussed in this profound book. Heat treatment and surface engineering are important factors in the design and manufacture of strategic components in a vast range of market sectors and industries, inclusive of air, sea and land transportation, energy production, mining, defence, and agriculture. This book presents an overview of the latest advancements in the applications of thermal and thermo-chemical processing to alter the microstructure and properties of a vast range of engineering substances. The book presents two different functional areas of heat treatment. The first area deals with conventional heat treatment, with the processing of bearing rings, wrought and cast steels, aluminium alloys, basics of thermo-chemical treatment, details of carbonitriding and a design for cooling units. The second area demonstrates the usage of unconventional thermal routes for the production of substances like nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, carbides of vanadium, battery substances and cinder mortars. A mixture of conventional and new functions, analysis of several processes employing heating, quenching and thermal diffusion, makes the book beneficial for a vast audience of scientists and engineers from academics and industries.