Ultrasonography of the Spleen [Paperback]

1 Sonographic Anatomy of the Normal Spleen, Normal Anatomic Variants, and Pitfalls.- 1.1 Anatomy of the Spleen.- 1.1.1 Morphology and Structure.- 1.1.2 Location and Relations of the Spleen.- 1.1.3 Average Dimensions of the Cadaver Spleen.- 1.1.4 Congenital Anomalies and Normal Variants.- 1.1.4.1 Fissured Spleen.- 1.1.4.2 Lobulated Spleen.- 1.1.4.3 Spleen with Two Hili.- 1.1.4.4 Wandering or Ectopic Spleen.- 1.1.4.5 Numeric Anomalies.- 1.2 Ultrasonography of the Spleen.- 1.2.1 Equipment.- 1.2.2 Patient Examination.- 1.2.3 Scanning Technique.- 1.3 Sonographic Features of the Normal Spleen..- 1.3.1 Splenic Contour.- 1.3.2 Echo Pattern of the Splenic Parenchyma.- 1.3.3 Analysis of Splenic Sonograms.- 1.3.3.1 Scans Parallel to the Long Axis.- 1.3.3.2 Scans Perpendicular to the Long Axis.- 1.3.4 Sonographic Splenometry.- 1.3.5 Sonographic Pitfalls.- 1.3.5.1 Splenic Ectopia.- 1.3.5.2 The Lobulated Spleen.- 1.3.5.3 Accessory Spleens.- 1.4 Conclusion.- 1.4.1 Quantitative Sonographic Criteria.- 1.4.2 Qualitative Sonographic Criteria.- 1.5 References.- 2 Congenital Anomalies of the Spleen.- 2.1 Situs Inversus.- 2.1.1 Uncomplicated Situs Inversus.- 2.1.1.1 Total Situs Inversus.- 2.1.1.2 Partial Situs Inversus.- 2.1.2 Complicated Situs Inversus.- 2.2 Asplenia.- 2.2.1 Bronchopulmonary Abnormalities.- 2.2.2 Liver.- 2.2.3 Gallbladder.- 2.2.4 Stomach, Pancreas, Duodenum.- 2.2.5 Intestinal Anomalies.- 2.2.6 Genitourinary Anomalies.- 2.2.7 Endocrine Glands.- 2.2.8 Musculoskeletal Anomalies.- 2.2.9 Biologic Anomalies.- 2.2.10 Cardiovascular Anomalies.- 2.2.10.1 Systemic Veins.- 2.2.10.2 Pulmonary Veins.- 2.2.10.3 Great Vessels.- 2.2.10.4 Heart.- 2.3 Polysplenia.- 2.3.1 Gross Anatomy.- 2.3.2 Associated Noncardiovascular Malformations.- 2.3.3 Associated Cardiovascular Anomalies.- 2.3.3.1 Venae Cavae.- 2.3.3.2 Pulmonary Veins.- 2.3.3.3 Great Vessels.- 2.3.3.4 Heart.- 2.4 Wandering Spleen.- 2.4.1 Causative Factors.- 2.4.1.1 Congenital Causes.- 2.4.1.2 Acquired Causes.- 2.4.2 Clinical Manifl#S